西藏南木林晚白垩世辉绿岩与花岗质脉岩成因及其揭示的伸展背景   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

叶丽娟  赵志丹  刘栋  朱弟成  董国臣  莫宣学  胡兆初  刘勇胜 《岩石学报》2015,31(5):1298-1312

青藏高原南部拉萨地块晚白垩世岩浆岩带的岩石成因和动力学对于揭示大陆碰撞之前的特提斯演化过程具有重要意义。本文报道了南木林县南部的辉绿岩岩株及侵入其中的正长花岗岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素和微量元素以及岩石地球化学数据,并探讨了晚白垩世构造-岩浆作用过程。辉绿岩年龄为93.8Ma,正长花岗岩脉年龄为92.4Ma,为同期晚白垩世岩浆活动产物。辉绿岩富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,锆石εHf(t)为+8.5~+14.2,具有亏损的岛弧岩浆特征,可能是俯冲交代的地幔楔熔体与软流圈熔体相互作用发生部分熔融的产物;正长花岗岩具有富Si O2(74.76%~76.02%)、富K2O(4.75%~6.18%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=7.57%~8.44%),以及过铝质特征(A/CNK=1.10~1.18),εHf(t)为+7.7~+13.0,岩石属于高分异的I型花岗岩,可能源于新生的镁铁质下地壳的部分熔融。从南木林地区产出的基性岩和酸性脉岩构成的"双峰式"岩石组合、靠近弧后的伸展构造背景、软流圈和岩石圈的共同参与、上地幔和下地壳同时产生岩浆作用等过程,结合78~100Ma岩浆作用大规模东西向带状分布等研究结果,本文认为南木林南部岩浆岩可能是在新特提斯洋壳北向俯冲挤压的同时,在大约90~100Ma时期,深部发生了板片断离或者板片回转,浅部造成了弧后伸展的构造背景。位于板片窗上方,源于交代地幔楔和软流圈相互作用产生了镁铁质岩浆,上侵后诱发下地壳部分熔融形成花岗质岩浆。基性岩石、花岗质岩石以及特殊类型的紫苏花岗岩、埃达克岩等多种岩石类型并存,表明晚白垩世时期,特提斯洋向着拉萨地块之下的总体俯冲背景下,可能存在洋脊俯冲、板片断离、板片回转等多种构造-岩浆体制。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地早海西期多期次风化壳岩溶洞穴层   总被引：25，自引：5，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

徐国强李国蓉  刘树根武恒志田纳新  李智武 《地质学报》2005,79(4):557-568

洞穴层是识别多期次岩溶旋回的标志,是岩溶旋回连接沉积旋回及周期性海平面变化的纽带。本文通过古地貌恢复,将从钻井剖面中识别的洞穴层归位到早石炭世古地貌剖面中,根据洞穴层总是沿稳定古潜水面发育的特点划分对比洞穴层。通过洞穴层的形成条件、充填结构分析,推断洞穴层发育序次、洞穴层与其同时期形成的沉积地层的时空对应关系,并据此对洞穴层进行盆地范围内跨地区对比、总结斜坡及岛屿两种不同的洞穴层发育模式。研究结果表明,在早海西期,塔北、塔中、和田古隆起中、下奥陶统碳酸盐岩陆块内部发育了3个期次的风化壳岩溶洞穴层,其序次为下老上新,它们是在早石炭世间歇性海平面上升过程中形成的,其同时期形成的沉积地层分别为下石炭统东河砂岩段、生屑灰岩段、下泥岩段中上部。洞穴层内部多旋回“坍塌角砾-地下河沉积”组合是斜坡内陆区潜流面的迟后上升效应,洞穴层与洞穴等时层的时空对应关系对于大型古岩溶事件的断年及洞穴层的分布预测具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Zedong terrane revisited: An intra-oceanic arc within Neo-Tethys or a part of the Asian active continental margin?     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

Precise timing of the India-Asia collision is important to constrain the evolution history of both the Himalayan orogen and the Tibetan Plateau. It has been proposed that the Indian plate first collided with an intra-oceanic arc at ∼55 Ma, and then the composite terrane collided with the Asian continent at ∼35 Ma. The Zedong terrane has been suggested to represent the vestige of such an intra-oceanic arc developed within the Neo-Tethys Ocean, as some volcanic rocks with high K₂O have been classified as shoshonites. In this study, we present detailed geochemical and geochronological data of various types of magmatic rocks (including volcanic, cumulate and granitic rocks) widely exposed in the Zedong terrane to constrain the formation age and tectonic setting of the Zedong terrane. We found that the Zedong volcanic rocks belong to calc-alkaline series rather than shoshonites and high K₂O contents in some volcanic rocks resulted from alteration. The basalts are highly enriched in LREE and LILE, but strongly depleted in HFSE, indicating they were derived from a metasomatized mantle. Presence of hornblende phenocryst in both gabbros and hornblendites indicates that the cumulates were produced from hydrous basalts through crystallization. The granitic rocks have adakite-like compositional characteristics, i.e., high Sr/Y ratios but low Y contents, which were formed by melting of a thickened lower crust. Zircons from six samples, including a volcanic rock (an andesite), three cumulates (a hornblendites, a hornblende-bearing gabbro and a gabbro) and two granitic (a tonalite and a granodiorite) rocks, have been dated to yield identical ages of ∼155–160 Ma. This suggests that the volcanic eruption and plutonic emplacement were coevally developed in the Zedong terrane. Zircons from both the andesite and the cumulates have similar positive ε_Hf(t) values (∼+11.6 to +16.7), indicating they were stemmed from similarly depleted mantle sources. Meanwhile, zircons from the granitic rocks also have positive ε_Hf(t) values of ∼+12.6 to +15.2, implying their derivation from a juvenile lower crust. Therefore, we proposed that the basalts in the Zedong terrane were formed through partial melting of the mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-released fluids/melts. A part of hydrous basalts were underplated in the thickened lower crust beneath the Zedong terrane, which gave rise to the cumulate and granitic rocks. By comparison, magmatic rocks in the Zedong terrane show compositional similarities with the Jurassic rocks exposed in the Gangdese arc. This suggests that the Zedong terrane represents a slice of the active continental margin developed on the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane as a result of the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the Late Jurassic, rather than the vestige of an intra-oceanic arc.  相似文献   

Interpretation of gravity profiles across the northern Oaxaca terrane,its boundaries and the Tehuacán Valley,southern Mexico     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2014

A gravity study was conducted across the northern Oaxaca terrane and its bounding faults: the Caltepec and Oaxaca Faults to the west and east, respectively. These faults juxtapose the Oaxaca terrane against the Mixteca and Juarez terranes, respectively. The Oaxaca Fault also forms the eastern boundary of the Cenozoic Tehuacán depression. On the west, at depth, the Tehuacán valley is limited by the normal buried Tehuacán Fault. This gravity study reveals that the Oaxaca Fault system gives rise to a series of east tilted basamental blocks (Oaxaca Complex). The tectonic depression is filled with Phanerozoic rocks and has a deeper depocenter to the west. The gravity data also indicate that on the west, the Oaxaca Complex, the Caltepec and Santa Lucia faults continue northwestwards beneath Phanerozoic rocks. A major E–W to NE–SW discontinuity is inferred to exist between profiles 1 and 2.  相似文献   

西秦岭北缘花岗质岩浆作用及构造演化   总被引：13，自引：9，他引：4  

徐学义  陈隽璐  高婷  李平  李婷 《岩石学报》2014,30(2):371-389

西秦岭北部江里沟、阿夷山、德乌鲁、温泉和中川5个花岗质岩体岩石学、地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究结果表明,花岗岩体的岩性主体为花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩,属高钾钙碱系列,少数为钙碱系列;形成时代为264~216Ma。江里沟、阿夷山和中川岩体属弱过铝质花岗岩(ACNK1.05),温泉岩体和德乌鲁岩体属准铝和弱过铝质花岗岩(ACNK=0.95~1.05);花岗岩具有埃达克岩(Sr400×10-6,Yb2×10-6)或喜马拉雅型花岗岩(Sr400×10-6,Yb2×10-6)的地球化学特征,或两者兼而有之。花岗岩浆起源于下地壳的部分熔融,源岩最有可能是古老的玄武质岩石。西秦岭北部存在埃达克岩和喜马拉雅型花岗岩,说明三叠纪时期存在陆陆碰撞或陆陆俯冲导致的地壳加厚,加厚的下地壳的部分熔融以及部分熔融发生深度的不同,形成本区具有埃达克或喜马拉雅型地球化学特点的花岗岩侵入体。埃达克岩和喜马拉雅型花岗岩对寻找金铜矿产具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

松潘-甘孜地体东南缘长枪穹隆核部里伍群碎屑锆石年代学和Hf同位素特征及其构造意义     

刘晓佳  许志琴  郑艺龙  马泽良 《岩石学报》2019,35(6):1693-1716

长枪穹隆位于青藏高原北部松潘-甘孜地体之南端的木里地区,被东部的扬子板块和西部的羌塘地块所围绕。伏于三叠纪复理石地层之下的长枪穹隆由一套浅变质的沉积岩系组成,核部主要为里伍群二云石英片岩。为精确限定长枪穹隆核部里伍群的沉积时代和源区特征,本文运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb微区定年和原位Lu-Hf同位素分析技术,对里伍群变沉积岩系样品进行了锆石年代学、锆石微量元素和Lu-Hf同位素研究。结果显示,155颗碎屑年龄横跨早奥陶世-太古宙(476～3583Ma),碎屑锆石的Th/U比值均大于0. 1,大部分锆石具有明显的震荡环带,且锆石的稀土元素呈现明显的HREE富集、正Ce异常和负Eu异常的特点;上述特征指示该系列锆石为岩浆成因。碎屑锆石原位Hf同位素显示其εHf(t)值具有较宽泛的变化范围,介于-22～+14。锆石混合年龄谱能区分出四个明显的特征年龄峰值:～516Ma、～740Ma、～884Ma和～2. 5Ga。综合对比区域研究结果,我们认为476～560Ma的碎屑锆石可能来自于当时邻区冈瓦纳大陆北缘的泛非造山带,而715～1000Ma碎屑锆石可能来源于扬子板块西缘的新元古代的岩浆岩带和江南造山带。  相似文献   

苏鲁超高压变质带东北端多种成因类型变基性岩:来自岩石学、同位素年代学及地球化学属性的制约   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘利双  刘福来  王伟 《岩石学报》2017,33(9):2899-2924

苏鲁超高压变质带是扬子板块与华北板块在三叠纪俯冲-碰撞的产物。变基性岩是苏鲁超高压变质带内出露最广泛的岩石类型之一,研究其岩石学、年代学、地球化学属性及成因机制,对于揭示扬子板块与华北板块之间的俯冲-碰撞-折返的动力学过程具有重要的科学意义。以(退变)榴辉岩为代表的超高压变质岩石广泛出露在威海-荣成一带,少量出露在乳山地区。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,(退变)榴辉岩的原岩时代为792~760Ma,峰期榴辉岩相变质时代为243~226Ma,后期角闪岩相退变质时代为221~207Ma。非榴辉岩相变质的基性岩(麻粒岩和斜长角闪岩)主要出露在乳山地区,其原岩形成时代应不晚于古元古代(1939Ma),峰期麻粒岩相变质时代为1895~1870Ma,后期角闪岩相退变质时代为1848~1806Ma,与胶北地体变基性岩的原岩时代和变质时代十分相似。全岩地球化学研究结果表明,(退变)榴辉岩的原岩显示高Fe拉斑玄武岩的特点,根据其稀土和微量元素特征,可将(退变)榴辉岩进一步划分为A、B和C三组。在球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式和原始地幔均一化蛛网图解上,A、B和C三组样品分别具有轻稀土弱亏损、轻稀土弱富集和轻稀土富集的特点。轻稀土富集或弱富集型(退变)榴辉岩的原岩地球化学性质与岛弧或大陆玄武岩相似,它们的源区可能与深部富集地幔或受流体交代的地幔楔存在密切的成因关系;而轻稀土亏损型(退变)榴辉岩的原岩可能来自于亏损地幔的部分熔融。由此可见,(退变)榴辉岩的原岩具有成因多样性的特点。乳山地区的基性麻粒岩和斜长角闪岩的原岩也具有高Fe拉斑玄武岩的地球化学属性,Al2O3与Mg O呈正相关变化,TiO_2、P_2O_5与MgO表现出一定程度的负相关性。绝大多数非榴辉岩相变质基性岩的球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式和原始地幔均一化蛛网配分曲线具有微右倾或明显右倾的特点。上述特征表明,研究区绝大多数非榴辉岩相变质的基性岩原岩来自于富集地幔,少数来自于原始地幔或亏损地幔,并经历了斜长石和辉石的分离结晶以及不同程度的部分熔融过程。由此可见,乳山地区出露的非超高压变质基性岩的原岩具有与胶北地体(高压)基性麻粒岩相近的成因特点。岩石学、同位素年代学和地球化学特征的综合对比研究结果表明,在苏鲁超高压变质带东北端的威海-荣成-乳山地区,既存在与华北板块古老变质基底相关的变基性岩,也存在与华南板块北缘新元古代变质基底相关的超高压榴辉岩,表明三叠纪时期华北板块东南缘胶北地体的部分古老变质基底曾卷入到扬子板块与华北板块之间的俯冲-碰撞造山过程,随后与超高压岩石一起抬升折返,形成当今的构造混杂岩带。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔河油田主体区海西早期岩溶台面划分及洞穴层对比^*          下载免费PDF全文

李源  蔡忠贤 《古地理学报》2016,18(4):560-568

在现代岩溶地质考察中,岩溶区因多期次幕式构造抬升运动而形成多级岩溶台面,每级岩溶台面的排泄基准面(潜水面)控制一期洞穴发育。塔河油田海西早期形成了复杂的碳酸盐岩岩溶洞穴系统,纵向上呈现多层性特征,是油气勘探的重点。因此,为了深入认识和阐述洞穴层发育机制,以现代岩溶理论为指导,基于三维地震资料,采用水系汇流点法、侵蚀阶地法、上超终止法并结合地貌特征,对塔河油田主体区海西早期岩溶台面进行划分,并在岩溶台面约束下进行洞穴层对比。研究结果表明:(1)塔河油田主体区发育4级岩溶台面。岩溶台面1形成时代最早,台面3面积最大。(2)主要发育3套洞穴层,具有明显的层状分布特征,台面3的洞穴层规模最大。3套洞穴层在垂向上并不构成大范围重叠,仅台面3控制的洞穴溯源侵蚀穿越台面向上游发育,说明洞穴层形成时的构造稳定期长。其他台面洞穴层并未穿跨台面发育,说明洞穴层形成时的构造稳定期短,潜水面控制下洞穴溯源侵蚀范围比较有限。  相似文献   

扬子西北缘碧口块体花岗质岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义     

平先权  郑建平  熊庆  张志海  夏冰 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(4):1200

对扬子西北缘碧口块体中白雀寺和大安花岗质岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素研究。结果表明,白雀寺岩体的年龄分2组:(855±6) Ma（n=23）和(917±14) Ma（n=3）。前者ε_Hf(t)为3.8~10.4,一阶段Hf模式年龄为1.00~1.27 Ga;后者ε_Hf(t)为2.0~8.1,一阶段Hf模式年龄为1.14~1.40 Ga。而大安岩体给出了6组不同的年龄：(854±10) Ma（n=3）、(801±7) Ma（n=3）、(702±10) Ma（n=3）、(565±6) Ma（n=1）、(246±7) Ma（n=1）和(207±2) Ma（n=1）。其ε_Hf(t)为-12.6~11.4（t=854 Ma）,一阶段和二阶段Hf模式年龄分别为0.95~1.90 Ga和1.02~2.55 Ga。白雀寺和大安岩体的侵位年龄分别为(855±6) Ma和(854±10) Ma,代表了扬子西北缘碧口块体内的一次重要岩浆事件,前者主体来源于中元古代新生陆壳源区,而后者主要来源于中元古代新生陆壳与晚太古代地壳物质的混合源区。此外,白雀寺岩体中(917±14) Ma的年龄代表新元古代早期的岩浆活动,而大安岩体中年轻的年龄可能记录着岩体后期所经历的复杂热改造事件。  相似文献   

Chrome spinel in normal MORB‐type greenstones from the Paleozoic–Mesozoic Mino terrane,East Takayama area,central Japan: Crystallization course with a U‐turn     

Takashi Agata  Mamoru Adachi 《Island Arc》2014,23(1):62-73

Phenocrystic chrome spinel crystallized in normal MORB‐type greenstones in the East Takayama area. Associated phenocryst minerals show a crystallization sequence that was olivine first, followed by plagioclase, and finally clinopyroxene. Chrome spinel ranges from 0.54 to 0.77 in Mg/(Mg+Fe²⁺) and 0.21 to 0.53 in Cr/(Cr+Al); the Fe³⁺ content varies from 0.07 to 0.22 p.f.u. (O = 4). Significant compositional differences of spinel were observed among the phenocryst mineral assemblages. Chrome spinel in the olivine–spinel assemblage shows a wide range in Cr/(Cr+Al), and is depleted in Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺. Chrome spinel in the olivine–plagioclase–clinopyroxene–spinel assemblage is Fe²⁺‐ and Fe³⁺‐rich at relatively high Cr/(Cr+Al) ratios. Basalt with the olivine–plagioclase–spinel assemblage contains both aluminous spinel and Fe²⁺‐ and Fe³⁺‐rich spinel. The assumed olivine–spinel equilibrium suggests that chrome spinel in the olivine–spinel assemblage changed in composition from Cr‐ and Fe²⁺‐rich to Al‐ and Mg‐rich with the progress of fractional crystallization. Chrome spinel in the olivine–plagioclase–clinopyroxene–spinel assemblage, on the other hand, exhibits the reversed variations in Mg/(Mg+Fe²⁺) and in Cr/(Cr+Al) ratios that decrease and increase with the fractional crystallization, respectively. The entire crystallization course of chrome spinel, projected onto the Mg/(Mg+Fe²⁺)–Cr/(Cr+Al) diagram, exhibits a U‐turn, and appears to be set on a double‐lane route. The U‐turn point lies in the compositional field of chrome spinel in the olivine–plagioclase–spinel assemblage, and may be explained by plagioclase fractionation that began during the formation of the olivine–plagioclase–spinel assemblage.  相似文献